type translation

The distinction between full and partial translation relates to the extent of sl text which is submitted to the translation process.in a full translation the entire text is submitted to the translation process,that is ,every part of the sl text is replaced by tl text material,e.g

In a partial translation ,however ,some part of part of the sl text are left  unstranslated.they are simply transferred to and incorporated in the tl text ,either because they are regarded as unstranstable or for the deliberated purpose of introducing  local colour into the tl text or even because they are so common and frequently used that translation is not needed

Do you notice any important change with the words in bold  above in the translation ?hamburger,aids,UNDP . stay the same graphically yet perhaps they change phonologically(pronounciation).but  microfilm undergoes  both spelling and pronounciation change (microfilm).in the same way the Indonesian orang hutan  becomes orang hutan -a change in both spelling and pronounciation in english.

The distinction between total and restricted translation relates to the level of language involved in translation.in total translation sl grammar and lexis  are replced by equivalent  tl grammar and lexies  .This replacement entails the replacement of sl phonology/graphology by tl  phonology/graphology

restricted translation at the grammatical and lexical level means,respectively, replacement of sl grammar by equivalent  tl grammar.but with no replacement  of lexis and replacement of sl lexis  by  equivalent tl lexis but with no replacement of grammar.

The third type of differentiation in translation according to catford relates to the rank in grammatical hierarchy at which translation equivslent is established .this rank translation can be it the form of:

1.Word to word translation,2.Group to group translation,3.Sentence to Sentence translation,4.Paragraph to Paragraph translation,5.Discourse to Discourse  translation

In this type of translation ,lexical and grammatical adjustments should be applied to achieve equivalent in term of meaning.

Talking about type of translation in general the experts of translation devided them into three main group,that was Word-for-word translation,literal or structural translation ,free translation

Word for word translation is a translation which the sequence of the  words and the number of its words is similar to the  words as in the source language and tl

Literal to structural translation is a translation which the sequence or the number of the words used in sl and tl are not always similar. Because the purpose of this type of translation is to express the message from the sl into tl clearly

In the examples above ,the number of word in sl  is nine words ,but in tl becomes ten words, and  the sequence of  words from sl to tl