Definitions of translation

Translation ,as a process,is always uni directional ,namely it is always performed in a given direction from a source language (SL) into a target language(TL).

if you pay careful attention to the words underlined in the definitions above you will learn that:

1.the words equivalent is used  by catford ,savory ,nida and pinchuck.while Mc Guire uses the words similar which is synonymous to the word equivalent

2.textual material (catford),sl text Mc Guire) ,written message (newmark) and SL  message (Nida) are synonymous to indicate something to be translate into TL

3.replacement(catford) and reproducing (nida)derive  from replace and and reproduce which are synonymous .the word replace is used by Newmark

Thus, equivalent, SL text (message) and replacement are the three important elements in translation .some other elements  include meaning ,style, craft and process.

It seems easier to get  the  Indonesian equivalent of English words in isolation ,but when it comes  to phrases and sentences then your knowledge of grammar plays an important  role .you can see from the examples above that the English adjuct comes before the known while the Indonesian adjuct comes after it .you can also see that to be (copula) and a(idenfite article) are dropped and not translated in order to obtain accepted Indonesian translation equivalent

Since words sometimes have more than one meaning ,their translation equivalent could be a problem unless they are  used in context (pharase,sentence or paragraph)

In the examples above the word cat,dog and mice are not used literally and so their Indonesian equivalents kucing,anjing dan tikus respectively are not present in the translation result.

Based on the six definitions avaible ,you can synthesize that translation in a process of replacing /reproducing /transferring from the SL written text /material/concept into it is TL equivalent in such a way that you retain the meaning and style